执行lsblk命令查看能否正常识别mmcblk1分区，若不能识别则无法刷入emmc

install.sh文件代码如下

#!/bin/sh
 
echo "Start script create MBR and filesystem"
 
DEV_EMMC=/dev/mmcblk1
 
echo "Start backup u-boot default"
 
dd if="${DEV_EMMC}" of=/boot/u-boot-default.img bs=1M count=4
 
echo "Start create MBR and partittion"
 
parted -s "${DEV_EMMC}" mklabel msdos
# `bootloader` / `reserved` occupies [0, 100M).
# Sector size is 512B.
parted -s "${DEV_EMMC}" unit s mkpart primary fat32 204800 466943  # [100M, 228M)
parted -s "${DEV_EMMC}" unit s mkpart primary ext4 466944 100%     # [228M, ...]
 
echo "Start restore u-boot"
 
dd if=/boot/u-boot-default.img of="${DEV_EMMC}" conv=fsync bs=1 count=442
dd if=/boot/u-boot-default.img of="${DEV_EMMC}" conv=fsync bs=512 skip=1 seek=1
 
sync
 
echo "Done"
 
echo "Start copy system for eMMC."
 
mkdir -p /ddbr
chmod 777 /ddbr
 
PART_BOOT="/dev/mmcblk1p1"
PART_ROOT="/dev/mmcblk1p2"
DIR_INSTALL="/ddbr/install"
 
if [ -d $DIR_INSTALL ] ; then
    rm -rf $DIR_INSTALL
fi
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL
 
if grep -q $PART_BOOT /proc/mounts ; then
    echo "Unmounting BOOT partiton."
    umount -f $PART_BOOT
fi
echo -n "Formatting BOOT partition..."
mkfs.vfat -n "BOOT_EMMC" $PART_BOOT
echo "done."
 
mount -o rw $PART_BOOT $DIR_INSTALL
 
echo -n "Cppying BOOT..."
cp -r /boot/* $DIR_INSTALL && sync
echo "done."
 
echo -n "Edit init config..."
sed -e "s/ROOTFS/ROOT_EMMC/g" \
 -i "$DIR_INSTALL/uEnv.ini"
echo "done."
 
rm $DIR_INSTALL/s9*
rm $DIR_INSTALL/aml*
rm -rf $DIR_INSTALL/n1*
 
umount $DIR_INSTALL
 
if grep -q $PART_ROOT /proc/mounts ; then
    echo "Unmounting ROOT partiton."
    umount -f $PART_ROOT
fi
 
if [ -e /boot/n1-logo.img ] ; then
# The logo should be no greater than 8M. (It's less than 5M in my case.)
echo "Installing Ubuntu logo..."
dd if=/boot/n1-logo.img of=/dev/mmcblk1 bs=1M seek=644
echo "done."
fi
 
echo "Formatting ROOT partition..."
# 0x27400000 ~ +0x800000 is used by `/dev/env`. Mark them as bad blocks
# so that they won't be used by Linux. (It seems that they're overwritten
# each time system boots if invalid.)
#
# As `ROOT_EMMC` starts from 228M, offset of `/dev/env` in this partition
# is 400M.
#
# Here we generates a sequence of block number in range [400M, 408M), with
# block size = 4K, and pass them as bad blocks to `mke2fs`.
#
# Given that we're using 4K blocks, the mapped block number will be [102400,
# 104448), or [102400, 104447].
#
# `/dev/logo` is in range [644M, 772M) (of the whole `/dev/mmcblk1`, not this
# partition. Minus 228M yourself.). Mark them as bad blocks if you want to
# preserve or replace the boot logo.
#
# All other partitions (`recovery`, `rsv`, `tee`, `crypt`, `misc`, `boot`,
# `system`, `data` is already overwritten by the original script, as it
# places the first partition at 700M.)
echo "Marked blocks used by /dev/env as bad to protected them from being overwritten."
seq 102400 104447 > /tmp/reservedblks
if [ -e /boot/n1-logo.img ] ; then
echo "Marked blocks used by /dev/logo as bad."
seq 106496 108543 >> /tmp/reservedblks  # Only first 8M of `/dev/logo` is reserved.
fi
mke2fs -F -q -t ext4 -L ROOT_EMMC -m 0 $PART_ROOT -b 4096 -l /tmp/reservedblks
e2fsck -n $PART_ROOT
echo "done."
 
echo "Copying ROOTFS."
 
mount -o rw $PART_ROOT $DIR_INSTALL
 
cd /
echo "Copy BIN"
tar -cf - bin | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
#echo "Copy BOOT"
#mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/boot
#tar -cf - boot | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Create DEV"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/dev
#tar -cf - dev | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy ETC"
tar -cf - etc | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy HOME"
tar -cf - home | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy LIB"
tar -cf - lib | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Create MEDIA"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/media
#tar -cf - media | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Create MNT"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/mnt
#tar -cf - mnt | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy OPT"
tar -cf - opt | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Create PROC"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/proc
echo "Copy ROOT"
tar -cf - root | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Create RUN"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/run
echo "Copy SBIN"
tar -cf - sbin | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy SELINUX"
tar -cf - selinux | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy SRV"
tar -cf - srv | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Create SYS"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/sys
echo "Create TMP"
mkdir -p $DIR_INSTALL/tmp
echo "Copy USR"
tar -cf - usr | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
echo "Copy VAR"
tar -cf - var | (cd $DIR_INSTALL; tar -xpf -)
 
echo "Copy fstab"
 
rm $DIR_INSTALL/etc/fstab
cp -a /root/fstab $DIR_INSTALL/etc/fstab
 
rm $DIR_INSTALL/root/install.sh
rm $DIR_INSTALL/root/fstab
rm $DIR_INSTALL/usr/bin/ddbr
rm $DIR_INSTALL/usr/bin/ddbr_backup_nand
rm $DIR_INSTALL/usr/bin/ddbr_backup_nand_full
rm $DIR_INSTALL/usr/bin/ddbr_restore_nand
 
 
cd /
sync
 
umount $DIR_INSTALL
 
echo "*******************************************"
echo "Complete copy OS to eMMC "
echo "*******************************************"

执行shutdown now关机断电，拔掉u盘后插电即可直接进入armbian

参考：
https://www.leonlu.cc/hobby/note005-phicomm-p1-linux/
https://isolated.site/2018/12/08/my-script-for-installing-armbian-5-67-into-phicomm-n1/

#!/bin/bash
 
#write by zhumaohai(admin#centos.bz)
#author blog: www.centos.bz
 
 
#显示菜单(单选)
display_menu(){
local soft=$1
local prompt="which ${soft} you'd select: "
eval local arr=(\${${soft}_arr[@]})
while true
do
    echo -e "#################### ${soft} setting ####################\n\n"
    for ((i=1;i<=${#arr[@]};i++ )); do echo -e "$i) ${arr[$i-1]}"; done
    echo
    read -p "${prompt}" $soft
    eval local select=\$$soft
    if [ "$select" == "" ] || [ "${arr[$soft-1]}" == ""  ];then
        prompt="input errors,please input a number: "
    else
        eval $soft=${arr[$soft-1]}
        eval echo "your selection: \$$soft"             
        break
    fi
done
}
 
#把带宽bit单位转换为人类可读单位
bit_to_human_readable(){
    #input bit value
    local trafficValue=$1
 
    if [[ ${trafficValue%.*} -gt 922 ]];then
        #conv to Kb
        trafficValue=`awk -v value=$trafficValue 'BEGIN{printf "%0.1f",value/1024}'`
        if [[ ${trafficValue%.*} -gt 922 ]];then
            #conv to Mb
            trafficValue=`awk -v value=$trafficValue 'BEGIN{printf "%0.1f",value/1024}'`
            echo "${trafficValue}Mb"
        else
            echo "${trafficValue}Kb"
        fi
    else
        echo "${trafficValue}b"
    fi
}
 
#判断包管理工具
check_package_manager(){
    local manager=$1
    local systemPackage=''
    if cat /etc/issue | grep -q -E -i "ubuntu|debian";then
        systemPackage='apt'
    elif cat /etc/issue | grep -q -E -i "centos|red hat|redhat";then
        systemPackage='yum'
    elif cat /proc/version | grep -q -E -i "ubuntu|debian";then
        systemPackage='apt'
    elif cat /proc/version | grep -q -E -i "centos|red hat|redhat";then
        systemPackage='yum'
    else
        echo "unkonw"
    fi
 
    if [ "$manager" == "$systemPackage" ];then
        return 0
    else
        return 1
    fi   
}
 
 
#实时流量
realTimeTraffic(){
    local eth=""
    local nic_arr=(`ifconfig | grep -E -o "^[a-z0-9]+" | grep -v "lo" | uniq`)
    local nicLen=${#nic_arr[@]}
    if [[ $nicLen -eq 0 ]]; then
        echo "sorry,I can not detect any network device,please report this issue to author."
        exit 1
    elif [[ $nicLen -eq 1 ]]; then
        eth=$nic_arr
    else
        display_menu nic
        eth=$nic
    fi   
 
    local clear=true
    local eth_in_peak=0
    local eth_out_peak=0
    local eth_in=0
    local eth_out=0
 
    while true;do
        #移动光标到0:0位置
        printf "\033[0;0H"
        #清屏并打印Now Peak
        [[ $clear == true ]] && printf "\033[2J" && echo "$eth--------Now--------Peak-----------"
        traffic_be=(`awk -v eth=$eth -F'[: ]+' '{if ($0 ~eth){print $3,$11}}' /proc/net/dev`)
        sleep 2
        traffic_af=(`awk -v eth=$eth -F'[: ]+' '{if ($0 ~eth){print $3,$11}}' /proc/net/dev`)
        #计算速率
        eth_in=$(( (${traffic_af[0]}-${traffic_be[0]})*8/2 ))
        eth_out=$(( (${traffic_af[1]}-${traffic_be[1]})*8/2 ))
        #计算流量峰值
        [[ $eth_in -gt $eth_in_peak ]] && eth_in_peak=$eth_in
        [[ $eth_out -gt $eth_out_peak ]] && eth_out_peak=$eth_out
        #移动光标到2:1
        printf "\033[2;1H"
        #清除当前行
        printf "\033[K"   
        printf "%-20s %-20s\n" "Receive:  $(bit_to_human_readable $eth_in)" "$(bit_to_human_readable $eth_in_peak)"
        #清除当前行
        printf "\033[K"
        printf "%-20s %-20s\n" "Transmit: $(bit_to_human_readable $eth_out)" "$(bit_to_human_readable $eth_out_peak)"
        [[ $clear == true ]] && clear=false
    done
}
 
#流量和连接概览
trafficAndConnectionOverview(){
    if ! which tcpdump > /dev/null;then
        echo "tcpdump not found,going to install it."
        if check_package_manager apt;then
            apt-get -y install tcpdump
        elif check_package_manager yum;then
            yum -y install tcpdump
        fi
    fi
 
    local reg=""
    local eth=""
    local nic_arr=(`ifconfig | grep -E -o "^[a-z0-9]+" | grep -v "lo" | uniq`)
    local nicLen=${#nic_arr[@]}
    if [[ $nicLen -eq 0 ]]; then
        echo "sorry,I can not detect any network device,please report this issue to author."
        exit 1
    elif [[ $nicLen -eq 1 ]]; then
        eth=$nic_arr
    else
        display_menu nic
        eth=$nic
    fi
 
    echo "please wait for 10s to generate network data..."
    echo
    #当前流量值
    local traffic_be=(`awk -v eth=$eth -F'[: ]+' '{if ($0 ~eth){print $3,$11}}' /proc/net/dev`)
    #tcpdump监听网络
    tcpdump -v -i $eth -tnn > /tmp/tcpdump_temp 2>&1 &
    sleep 10
    clear
    kill `ps aux | grep tcpdump | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`
 
    #10s后流量值
    local traffic_af=(`awk -v eth=$eth -F'[: ]+' '{if ($0 ~eth){print $3,$11}}' /proc/net/dev`)
    #打印10s平均速率
    local eth_in=$(( (${traffic_af[0]}-${traffic_be[0]})*8/10 ))
    local eth_out=$(( (${traffic_af[1]}-${traffic_be[1]})*8/10 ))
    echo -e "\033[32mnetwork device $eth average traffic in 10s: \033[0m"
    echo "$eth Receive: $(bit_to_human_readable $eth_in)/s"
    echo "$eth Transmit: $(bit_to_human_readable $eth_out)/s"
    echo
 
    local regTcpdump=$(ifconfig | grep -A 1 $eth | awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~/inet addr:/{printf $4"|"}' | sed -e 's/|$//' -e 's/^/(/' -e 's/$/)\\\\\.[0-9]+:/')
 
    #新旧版本tcpdump输出格式不一样,分别处理
    if awk '/^IP/{print;exit}' /tmp/tcpdump_temp | grep -q ")$";then
        #处理tcpdump文件
        awk '/^IP/{print;getline;print}' /tmp/tcpdump_temp > /tmp/tcpdump_temp2
    else
        #处理tcpdump文件
        awk '/^IP/{print}' /tmp/tcpdump_temp > /tmp/tcpdump_temp2
        sed -i -r 's#(.*: [0-9]+\))(.*)#\1\n    \2#' /tmp/tcpdump_temp2
    fi
    
    awk '{len=$NF;sub(/\)/,"",len);getline;print $0,len}' /tmp/tcpdump_temp2 > /tmp/tcpdump
 
    #统计每个端口在10s内的平均流量
    echo -e "\033[32maverage traffic in 10s base on server port: \033[0m"
    awk -F'[ .:]+' -v regTcpdump=$regTcpdump '{if ($0 ~ regTcpdump){line="clients > "$8"."$9"."$10"."$11":"$12}else{line=$2"."$3"."$4"."$5":"$6" > clients"};sum[line]+=$NF*8/10}END{for (line in sum){printf "%s %d\n",line,sum[line]}}' /tmp/tcpdump | \
    sort -k 4 -nr | head -n 10 | while read a b c d;do
        echo "$a $b $c $(bit_to_human_readable $d)/s"
    done
    echo -ne "\033[11A"
    echo -ne "\033[50C"
    echo -e "\033[32maverage traffic in 10s base on client port: \033[0m"
    awk -F'[ .:]+' -v regTcpdump=$regTcpdump '{if ($0 ~ regTcpdump){line=$2"."$3"."$4"."$5":"$6" > server"}else{line="server > "$8"."$9"."$10"."$11":"$12};sum[line]+=$NF*8/10}END{for (line in sum){printf "%s %d\n",line,sum[line]}}' /tmp/tcpdump | \
    sort -k 4 -nr | head -n 10 | while read a b c d;do
            echo -ne "\033[50C"
            echo "$a $b $c $(bit_to_human_readable $d)/s"
    done   
        
    echo
 
    #统计在10s内占用带宽最大的前10个ip
    echo -e "\033[32mtop 10 ip average traffic in 10s base on server: \033[0m"
    awk -F'[ .:]+' -v regTcpdump=$regTcpdump '{if ($0 ~ regTcpdump){line=$2"."$3"."$4"."$5" > "$8"."$9"."$10"."$11":"$12}else{line=$2"."$3"."$4"."$5":"$6" > "$8"."$9"."$10"."$11};sum[line]+=$NF*8/10}END{for (line in sum){printf "%s %d\n",line,sum[line]}}' /tmp/tcpdump | \
    sort -k 4 -nr | head -n 10 | while read a b c d;do
        echo "$a $b $c $(bit_to_human_readable $d)/s"
    done
    echo -ne "\033[11A"
    echo -ne "\033[50C"
    echo -e "\033[32mtop 10 ip average traffic in 10s base on client: \033[0m"
    awk -F'[ .:]+' -v regTcpdump=$regTcpdump '{if ($0 ~ regTcpdump){line=$2"."$3"."$4"."$5":"$6" > "$8"."$9"."$10"."$11}else{line=$2"."$3"."$4"."$5" > "$8"."$9"."$10"."$11":"$12};sum[line]+=$NF*8/10}END{for (line in sum){printf "%s %d\n",line,sum[line]}}' /tmp/tcpdump | \
    sort -k 4 -nr | head -n 10 | while read a b c d;do
        echo -ne "\033[50C"
        echo "$a $b $c $(bit_to_human_readable $d)/s"
    done
 
    echo
    #统计连接状态
    local regSS=$(ifconfig | grep -A 1 $eth | awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~/inet addr:/{printf $4"|"}' | sed -e 's/|$//')
    ss -an | grep -v -E "LISTEN|UNCONN" | grep -E "$regSS" > /tmp/ss
    echo -e "\033[32mconnection state count: \033[0m"
    awk 'NR>1{sum[$(NF-4)]+=1}END{for (state in sum){print state,sum[state]}}' /tmp/ss | sort -k 2 -nr
    echo
    #统计各端口连接状态
    echo -e "\033[32mconnection state count by port base on server: \033[0m"
    awk 'NR>1{sum[$(NF-4),$(NF-1)]+=1}END{for (key in sum){split(key,subkey,SUBSEP);print subkey[1],subkey[2],sum[subkey[1],subkey[2]]}}' /tmp/ss | sort -k 3 -nr | head -n 10   
    echo -ne "\033[11A"
    echo -ne "\033[50C"
    echo -e "\033[32mconnection state count by port base on client: \033[0m"
    awk 'NR>1{sum[$(NF-4),$(NF)]+=1}END{for (key in sum){split(key,subkey,SUBSEP);print subkey[1],subkey[2],sum[subkey[1],subkey[2]]}}' /tmp/ss | sort -k 3 -nr | head -n 10 | awk '{print "\033[50C"$0}'   
    echo   
    #统计端口为80且状态为ESTAB连接数最多的前10个IP
    echo -e "\033[32mtop 10 ip ESTAB state count at port 80: \033[0m"
    cat /tmp/ss | grep ESTAB | awk -F'[: ]+' '{sum[$(NF-2)]+=1}END{for (ip in sum){print ip,sum[ip]}}' | sort -k 2 -nr | head -n 10
    echo
    #统计端口为80且状态为SYN-RECV连接数最多的前10个IP
    echo -e "\033[32mtop 10 ip SYN-RECV state count at port 80: \033[0m"
    cat /tmp/ss | grep -E "$regSS" | grep SYN-RECV | awk -F'[: ]+' '{sum[$(NF-2)]+=1}END{for (ip in sum){print ip,sum[ip]}}' | sort -k 2 -nr | head -n 10
}
 
main(){
    while true; do
        echo -e "1) real time traffic.\n2) traffic and connection overview.\n"
        read -p "please input your select(ie 1): " select
        case  $select in
            1) realTimeTraffic;break;;
            2) trafficAndConnectionOverview;break;;
            *) echo "input error,please input a number.";;
        esac
    done   
}
 
main

来源：
Linux运维日志 » 网络分析shell脚本(实时流量+连接统计)
https://www.centos.bz/2014/06/shell-script-for-network-analysis/